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The Mpemba effect is a phenomenon in which hot water appears to freeze faster than cold water.

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The phenomenon is temperature-dependent. There is disagreement about the parameters required to produce the effect and about its theoretical basis.[1][2]

The Mpemba effect is named after Tanzanian schoolboy Erasto Bartholomeo Mpemba (born 1950) who discovered it in 1963. There were preceding ancient accounts of similar phenomena, but these lacked sufficient detail to attempt verification.

Definition

The phenomenon, when taken to mean "hot water freezes faster than cold", is difficult to reproduce or confirm because this statement is ill-defined.[3] Monwhea Jeng proposes as a more precise wording:

There exists a set of initial parameters, and a pair of temperatures, such that given two bodies of water identical in these parameters, and differing only in initial uniform temperatures, the hot one will freeze sooner.[4]

However, even with this definition it is not clear whet